Semax is a synthetic heptapeptide, meaning it consists of seven amino acid residues. It is derived from the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), specifically from the fragment ACTH(4-10). Semax was primarily developed in Russia during the late 20th century and has been extensively studied and utilized within Russia and Ukraine for its neuroprotective and neurogenic properties. Unlike its parent hormone ACTH, which influences cortisol levels and exhibits a broad range of effects on the body, Semax is designed to target the central nervous system more specifically.
Semax is known to have several mechanisms of action, including modulating the expression and release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which plays a critical role in neuronal survival, growth, and differentiation. It also influences the activity of the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems, which are vital for mood regulation, motivation, and cognitive functions. This makes Semax of interest for potential therapeutic applications in cognitive enhancement, the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, and recovery from cerebral stroke or traumatic brain injuries.
One of the notable characteristics of Semax is its nootropic effects, which include improved memory, increased attention, and enhanced learning capabilities. Users and some clinical studies have reported these cognitive benefits, although the extent and mechanism of these effects can vary among individuals.
Semax is administered through nasal drops or spray, which facilitates its direct absorption into the bloodstream and then crosses the blood-brain barrier to exert its effects on the brain. This mode of administration helps in achieving a rapid onset of action while minimizing systemic side effects.
Despite its promising therapeutic benefits and applications in neurology and psychiatry, it is important to note that Semax's availability and approval status vary by country. In regions where it is not officially approved, it may be accessed through research or special access programs for experimental or investigational uses.